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The
State Duma ( (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the
Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the
upper house being the
Federation Council of Russia. The Duma is headquartered in downtown
Moscow, a few steps from
Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the
Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by
Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the
Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved by the Russian public in a referendum.
History
The
State Duma was first introduced in 1906 and was Russia's first elected parliament. The first two attempts by Tsar
Nicholas II were too radical and ineffective and were subsequently dissolved after only a few months each. After the 1907 electoral reform the third Duma, elected in November 1907, was largely made up of members of the upper classes and radical influences in the Duma had almost entirely been removed. The establishment of the Duma after the
1905 Revolution was to herald significant changes to the Russian autocratic system. Furthermore the Duma was later to have a larger effect on Russia as it was one of the contributing factors in the
February Revolution, which led to the abolition of the autocracy in Russia.
State Duma in the Constitution of Russia
The State Duma has its powers
enumerated powers by the
Constitution of Russia. They are:
- To pass laws by a majority, which must then be approved by the Federation Council and signed by the President
- To similarly amend the constitution with a two thirds majority.
- To override a rejection of a law by the Federation Council of Russia by two thirds
- To override the veto of the President by a two thirds majority (The Federation Council must also vote to override with a three quarters majority)
- To approve or reject the President's nominee for Prime Minister of Russia
- To appoint the deputy chairman of the Audit Chamber and half of its auditors
- To file an impeachment against the President (Requires a two thirds majority)
- All bills related to revenue are debated and approved here, to be further debated and approved in the Federation Council.
- Considers and approves federal taxes and levies.
- Debates matters of war and peace.
- Duties are enumerated in Section 1, Chapter 5, Articles 100-108, in the Russian Constitution.
Additionally, there are constitutionally 450 deputies of the State Duma (Article 95), each elected to a term of four years (Article 96). Russian citizens at least 21 years old are eligible to run for the Duma (Article 97). Seats are awarded on the basis of the percentage of election votes won by a party. The party then elects candidates to fill its eligible seats.
The current speaker of the State Duma is Boris Gryzlov.
Latest election
Current composition
{| class="wikitable"|-| align="center" valign="top" |
Affiliation| valign="top" |
Delegates| valign="top" |
Seats| valign="top" |
Popular vote|-| United Russia| 46| 10.22%| 12.61%|-| [Liberal Democratic Party of Russia| 35| 7.78%| 11.45%|-|
Russia of Justice—[United Socialist Party of Russia| 12| 2.67%| n/a|-| Independent| 17| 3.78%| n/a|-|
Total|
446|
100%|
100%|}
Presidential Envoys to the State Duma
External links
The
State Duma ( (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the
Russian Federation is the
lower house of the
Federal Assembly of Russia (
legislature), the
upper house being the
Federation Council of Russia. The Duma is headquartered in downtown Moscow, a few steps from
Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the
Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved by the Russian public in a referendum.
History
The
State Duma was first introduced in 1906 and was Russia's first elected parliament. The first two attempts by Tsar Nicholas II were too radical and ineffective and were subsequently dissolved after only a few months each. After the 1907 electoral reform the third Duma, elected in November 1907, was largely made up of members of the upper classes and radical influences in the Duma had almost entirely been removed. The establishment of the Duma after the 1905 Revolution was to herald significant changes to the Russian autocratic system. Furthermore the Duma was later to have a larger effect on Russia as it was one of the contributing factors in the February Revolution, which led to the abolition of the autocracy in Russia.
State Duma in the Constitution of Russia
The State Duma has its powers
enumerated powers by the
Constitution of Russia. They are:
- To pass laws by a majority, which must then be approved by the Federation Council and signed by the President
- To similarly amend the constitution with a two thirds majority.
- To override a rejection of a law by the Federation Council of Russia by two thirds
- To override the veto of the President by a two thirds majority (The Federation Council must also vote to override with a three quarters majority)
- To approve or reject the President's nominee for Prime Minister of Russia
- To appoint the deputy chairman of the Audit Chamber and half of its auditors
- To file an impeachment against the President (Requires a two thirds majority)
- All bills related to revenue are debated and approved here, to be further debated and approved in the Federation Council.
- Considers and approves federal taxes and levies.
- Debates matters of war and peace.
- Duties are enumerated in Section 1, Chapter 5, Articles 100-108, in the Russian Constitution.
Additionally, there are constitutionally 450 deputies of the State Duma (Article 95), each elected to a term of four years (Article 96). Russian citizens at least 21 years old are eligible to run for the Duma (Article 97). Seats are awarded on the basis of the percentage of election votes won by a party. The party then elects candidates to fill its eligible seats.
The current speaker of the State Duma is Boris Gryzlov.
Latest election
Current composition
{| class="wikitable"|-| align="center" valign="top" |
Affiliation| valign="top" |
Delegates| valign="top" |
Seats| valign="top" |
Popular vote|-|
United Russia| 46| 10.22%| 12.61%|-| [Liberal Democratic Party of Russia| 35| 7.78%| 11.45%|-| Russia of Justice—[United Socialist Party of Russia| 12| 2.67%| n/a|-| Independent| 17| 3.78%| n/a|-|
Total|
446|
100%|
100%|}
Presidential Envoys to the State Duma
External links
Duma
State Duma . Spartacus, USA History, British History, Russian Revolution, ...
Duma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A Duma (Russian: Ду́ма) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation ...
Официальный сайт Государственной ...
Официальный сервер. История и регламент Государственной Думы, информация о ее законодательной ...
State Duma of the Russian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
State Duma of the Russian Empire was a legislative assembly in the late Russian Empire. It was convened four times. Under the pressure of the Russian Revolution of 1905, on August ...
Category:State Duma - Wikimedia Commons
Media in category "State Duma" The following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total.
1st State Duma by J. Zaprudnik
Vol. II, No. 3. THE STRUGGLE FOR BYELORUSSIA'S AUTONOMY IN THE FIRST STATE DUMA (1906) by Jan Zaprudnik...elections to the first Duma (February-March 1906) were held in an ...
BYELORUSSIA'S REPRESENTATIVES IN THE SECOND STATE DUMA (1907) by J ...
Vol. III, No. 3. BYELORUSSIA'S REPRESENTATIVES IN THE SECOND STATE DUMA (1907) by J. Zaprudnik... the representation of the five Byelorussian gubernijas in the second State Duma ...
Russian Federation State Duma Elections
PA THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND CO-OPERATION IN EUROPE PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY INTERNATIONAL ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions ...
ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights RUSSIAN FEDERATION ELECTIONS TO THE STATE DUMA 7 December 2003 OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Report Warsaw 27 January ...
Russia Profile - State Duma
Russia Profile provides an in-depth analysis on business, politics, current affairs and culture for Russia watchers around the world. It is the first place for all your Russian ...
